
Back before I ever knew I wanted to be a marketer, there was the "Tylenol Scare." In the space of three days beginning September 29, 1982, seven people who took cyanide-laced Tylenol in the Chicago area died. Urgent warnings were broadcast over the news and police literally drove through Chicago neighborhoods issuing warnings over loudspeakers. Because the tampered bottles came from different factories, and the seven deaths had all occurred in the Chicago area, they learned that the problem wasn't employee sabotage during production. Instead, the culprit was believed to have entered various supermarkets and drug stores over a period of weeks, pilfered packages of Tylenol from the shelves, adulterated their contents with solid cyanide compound, and then replaced the bottles. In addition to the five bottles which led to the victims' deaths, three other tampered bottles were discovered.
Johnson & Johnson, the makers of Tylenol, made public relations job number 1 for everyone in the company. They distributed warnings to hospitals and distributors and halted Tylenol production and advertising. On October 5, 1982, J&J issued a nationwide recall of Tylenol products; an estimated 31 million bottles were in circulation, with a retail value of over $100 million. The company also advertised in the national media for individuals not to consume any products that contained Tylenol. When it was determined that only capsules were tampered with, they offered to exchange all Tylenol capsules already purchased by the public with solid tablets.
As I dust off the Public Relations textbook used ten years later as part of my masters program, I still remember how studied the Tylenol case as an example of how to pull it together in a crisis PR-wise. While the case is still studied today, the world's changed a lot in 25 years, and there are new ways to respond to a crisis. (And, oddly, they never found the person who tampered with the Tylenol bottles.)
Is Dell the new Tylenol when it comes to crisis communications?
Remember the Dell laptop explosion in Japan a few years back that caused a whole battery recall? Remember these photos from the national news around throughout the Internet? How about some of the other consumer issues Dell has had over the last few years with their laptops? We've moved a long way away from the Chicago police driving around town with a megaphone telling residents to turn off their laptops or being told about Dell consumer issues on the 6:00 news. Today, consumers are getting the word out themselves over the Internet and it's working for them.
I bring up Dell because twice in the last week, I've heard them used as a good example by analysts at IDC and Forrester as a company who "gets it" when it comes to utilizing social networking techniques to reach their customers to stay ahead of customer issues.
Try this - go to Google and type in "Dell Customer Service." The first two entries I got were links to Dell Customer Service. Next came "You Tube - Funny Dell Customer Service Call," which sounds like a real customer (and very well might be one) who can't turn off his mom's laptop. This call complete with an image of the Dell logo has got almost 95,000 views and about 500 comments. He's not the only angry Dell customer. The next Google link is from a woman in Pennsylvania who's posted her Dell complaint to a consumer site. Next came the results of a Computer World study from 2005 which shows Dell's plunging consumer satisfaction numbers.
So, how has Dell becoming a shining example of how to turn it all around? For starters, they've developed the Dell Community where open discussions are encouraged. Forrester Research gave them a Groundswell award in 2007 for changes happening across all functions at Dell relating to customer satisfaction. The Dell Customer Advocate program created to provide fast resolution of support problems decreased the negative share of online comments about Dell by 25%. Direct2Dell, a Dell blog dedicated to honest information exchange 3.5 million page views per month. Ideastorm, Dell's innovation community, tallied 500,000 votes for over 7,000 ideas and generated a new product, Dell PC's with Linux pre-installed. And, according to Forrester, "Employee Storm", an internal idea community, has generated 2,700 ideas and seen visits from 22% of Dell's employees. IDC mentions them as a company who's proactively gone out to sights where laptop owners communicate and who has jumped in and joined the conversation.
In today's world of information sharing, you need to address problems head on where your customers are. Accept that it's not necessarily going to be on your company portal. Who's got enough time to go to multiple, one-way communication sites for information every day? As marketers, we need to aggregate content and get it to where are the consumers are which could very well be Facebook or the Wikipedia or their iPhone. And, while there's never a good replacement for a leader stepping up in a crisis, when all employees realize that they are PR for their company, everyone can march in the same direction when crisis hits (or better yet, before the crisis hits.)